Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

On July 26, 2015, we will celebrate the 25th anniversary of the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) signed into law by President George H.W. Bush in 1990. It is one of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation for the disability community. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public services provided by state and local governments, public services operated by private entities, transportation, commuter authorities, or telecommunications.

An excerpt from the National Council on Disability (NCD) report:

Living in the community with family and friends, working at a typical job in a regular business, and participating in community affairs is a right of citizenship, not a privilege for individuals with disabilities, as for all Americans. This right was confirmed with the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, affirmed with the 1999 Supreme Court’s Olmstead decision, and repeatedly reaffirmed in the years since that landmark decision. 

Disability rights are a CIVIL RIGHTS issue. Accessibility to public places & social programs, equality in employment practices and education – these are all federally protected rights for every person in the United States, including those with disabilities. We must stop viewing individuals who are disabled as subhuman or charity cases. Having ramps and elevators installed at rec centers; having ample aisle space at department stores and restaurants; providing larger stalls with handrails in public bathrooms – these are not things that people with disabilities should feel grateful for. It is not a privilege to have appropriate supports or removals of barriers. It is the LAW.

Forward RISE is a NYS nonprofit committed to the real inclusion of people with disabilities through knowledge-sharing workshops and inclusive social experiences.

http://forwardrise.org/

Sheltered Workshops: A Thing of the Past in Vermont

Workshops - Yay or Nay?

There is a great debate taking place on whether or not sheltered workshops should still be an option for people with disabilities who are out of school. Read my pros and cons on workshops here. One of the main arguments people have against closing down workshops is the fear that the individuals working there will have no place to go since businesses don’t tend to hire people with disabilities. The numbers seem to back that up since the unemployment rate of people with disabilities is twice that of people without disabilities, according to the Department of Labor (as of August 2014). You can find more informationon that here.

However, the state of Vermont is an example of contradiction to this argument. According to this article :

“The sheltered workshops that are still prevalent across much of the country were shut down in Vermont more than a decade ago. And now, the employment rate of people with developmental disabilities in the New England state is twice the national average.” (emphasis added)

Inclusion in play and work

How did Vermont do it?

The University of Vermont received a grant to build programs for integrated employment in the 1980’s. They worked with state disability agencies and its success over time was enough for Vermont to realize that sheltered workshops were not how the state wanted their citizens with disabilities to be treated. Workshops were phased out over a 4-year period: new entries into workshops were no longer allowed and their funding was incrementally cut.

Of course there were fears from the families who would be directly affected by this and rightly so. As parents, we want our children to be safe and secure, accepted by peers and part of something bigger than themselves. Could these desires be realized if workers with disabilities don’t have contact with others who are also disabled? Is there a job out there they could actually do and feel good about doing? Would society in general accept them?

It turns out, the answer is yes! In Vermont, about 80% of the people who used to be in workshops found employment in an integrated setting. The rest found other community-based services. According to the article, “In fiscal year 2013, the average wage for supported employees was $9.26, more than 50 cents above the state’s minimum wage and $2 above the federal minimum wage.” How incredible is that?!

And Vermont shows no signs of slowing down. It has increased its numbers of employed disabled individuals yearly. To continue their success rate, ongoing support is available in each county and doesn’t fade over time, which is common in most other states. There are also education programs with businesses that ease fears and answers questions for potential emplo

yers.

Looking to the future

Some argue that the reason Vermont was able to be so successful is because it’s a small state. But isn’t that a cop out? As a parent to a teenager whose CP severely impacts her, I worry about her future all the time. What will she do when she ages out of school? Today, I can’t picture a job where she can be independent because of the extremity of her physical disability but who knows where we’ll be in terms of technology and employability six years from now? My greatest hope is that all states work towards achieving the successful model Vermont has realized so that our community has as many options as it can.

Let’s not continue to set the bar so low for our people!

More 411 on the ABLE Act

In May, I posted "ABLE Act - Savings For People With Disabilities" which explains what the ABLE Act is and why it's so important to the disability community. I just came across this other article that also explains what it's about in very real terms. I wanted to share it because I can't stress enough how important it is that this piece of legislation become a reality! Here's the link to "How Medicaid Forces the Disabled to be Poor"

Sheltered Workshops: A Good Thing Or A Bad Thing For People With Disabilities?

Workforce Investment Act

Currently, most students with disabilities are referred to sub-minimum wage jobs (often times substantially less than the $7.25 minimum wage rate) at workshops when they graduate from high school. There is new legislation under consideration in both Houses of Congress that would alter their pathway into the workforce. Under Section 511 of the Workforce Investment Act, people under 24 years of age could not be employed by workshops unless they have sought employment in other settings first. This legislation also requires that state vocational rehabilitation agencies provide “pre-employment services” to students at schools in their area.

Pros/Cons 

There are many who are supportive of passing this legislation. They believe it will re-route youth into more fulfilling career paths who may have otherwise been automatically steered toward subminimum wage employment. Christopher Danielsen, a spokesman for the National Federation of the Blind, is quoted as saying that this proposal is an “important first step toward eliminating wage discrimination against people with disabilities.”

However, there are those who fear the passage of this legislation will only hurt the disability community. Parents and caregivers of individuals with severe cognitive and developmental disabilities feel that sheltered workshops are the only option for certain individuals because of the limitations their disability puts on them. By taking away the option of workshops, Congress is taking away these individuals’ ability to “have something to do”, be out in society, make friends and have a sense of self-worth.

Desegregation

Forward RISE Logo

I’d be interested to see exactly how this would work. In my opinion, this proposal has great potential for getting people with disabilities into society in a very real way. At Forward RISE, we are committed to inclusion, and the passage of a proposal like this is a great step towards this goal. There is a significant segregation between the two communities of people with and people without disabilities and the only way to fix this is through real inclusion. State vocational rehab agencies can begin their work with students when they reach high school age so that they can prep for transition to life after school. This school in New Jersey has a great program for its students with developmental disabilities that offers real-life skills and industry certifications to help them land a job or to succeed in college. 

When I was in high school, I remember taking a questionnaire that narrowed down my interests into possible career paths. There could be a modified version of this for people with disabilities. If a person only has one option – sheltered workshops – they will never learn if they have the potential to do something different.

Why is this so important? We have to consider the bar that we set for people with disabilities. Are we setting the bar too low by assuming that the best place for anybody with a disability is a sheltered workshop? I say yes! Too often, assumptions are made on people with disabilities. It is presumed that they are incapable of making decisions, keeping a schedule or following directions, let alone having higher-thinking qualities needed for employment. Destination Desserts changes the game by assuming that people with disabilities do have the ability to hold down a job outside of a sheltered workshop. 

But we also have to realize that there are certain individuals for whom sheltered workshops would be the best environment. Taking away that option completely would devastate many individuals and families who rely on these places.

As with anything, change can be scary and difficult, especially when we are talking about a community with such a varied group of people. This proposal can be the beginning of the desegregation of disabled and able-bodied people. I can’t wait until the word “inclusion” is no longer a part of our conversation because at that point, it will just be.

New York Gets Inspired - Work Incentive For People With Disabilities Passes the Senate

GOOD JOB NEW YORK!

Inspire NY is a tax incentive spearheaded by Senator David Carlucci (D) that encourages businesses to hire people with developmental disabilities. It just passed the Senate! This legislation helps thousands of New Yorkers gain a sense of belonging and inclusion in their own community. Businesses will receive up to $5,000 for hiring each full-time employee and up to $2,500 for hiring each part-time employee.

Follow Senator Carlucci on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/davecarlucci

Top 5 Visitable Cities - Places Where People With Disabilities Have Great Accessibility

Vacations are enjoyed by millions of people all over the world but some people with disabilities can find planning a vacation a bit daunting because of disability issues. Some may even think it’s impossible. I say, with proper planning, you can have a great vacation to remember. Here is a list of the top five most accessible places to visit in the world.

Berlin, Germany

1. Berlin, Germany

It was awarded the “Access City of the Year” in December 2012 by the European Commission due to its aggressive and forward-thinking plan of creating a fully accessible public transportation system. Its plan also includes broadening sidewalks and using tactile guidance systems at road crossings. By the year 2020, the government plans on Berlin being 100% accessible. A large majority of museums in Berlin are already accessible as are most of the more well-known hotel chains but be sure to ask when making reservations what accessible features are currently available. You can search for places to visit at Visit Berlin for People with Disabilities. 

Vancouver, British Columbia

 2. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

One of the most diverse cities in the world, Vancouver offers visitors a wide variety of cultural foods and experiences. With its great public transportation system – buses are equipped with wheelchair ramps and the Sky Train and SeaBus are also accessible – visitors have a variety of choices when deciding how to get to where they’re going. Vancouver International Airport is one of the world’s most accessible airports. Some barrier-free features include amplified handsets at service counters, low-mounted information monitors, services for the deaf and accessible washrooms. Travelers can rent vehicles with hand-controls or use the Airporter shuttle bus service to get to their hotels. For more information on where to go and what to do, go to Accessible Vancouver.

San Diego, California, United States

3. San Diego, California

When you think “California” you should also think “beach”! With its mild climate you can enjoy 70 miles of beach when visiting this city year-round. At at least fifteen San Diego beaches, beach wheelchairs are available for people with disabilities at no charge. Some even offer motorized chairs. To find a list of beaches with phone numbers check out CaliforniaCoastal Commission. You can also take accessible sightseeing tours via bus, boat or old-fashioned trolley. Go to SanDiego.org to plan your trip. 

Denmark

4. Denmark

Yes, the whole country. While all Scandinavian countries are very disability-friendly, Denmark stands out because of its “Accessibility For All” program. This is a tourism labeling system for hotels, attractions, restaurants and other places you might want to visit while there. You can search for places and other things accessible using http://www.godadgang.dk/ and narrowing it down by city, type of place, disability and more. You can also find more tourism information at VisitDenmark.com. 

London, England

5. London, England

England might call to mind old tradition but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t modernized its accommodations for people with disabilities. The subway system, called the Tube, has some stops that are not wheelchair accessible so if you’re planning on traveling that way be sure to research ahead of time to find the stops that are accessible. However, the large majority of their buses are accessible and their taxis are required by law to be accessible. You can find accessibility information at Transport For London. Many of London’s most popular sight-seeing stops are free or offer a discount for people with disabilities. There are some places that even allow one care giver in at no charge.

Special Mention:

Morgan’s Wonderland in San Antonio, Texas – A recreational park that provides a beautiful environment free of economic barriers that all individuals, regardless of disability can enjoy. It boasts many attractions such as a sensory village, picnic area, playground and sandpit and a carousel that is accessible to all including wheelchair users. Tickets can be purchased online and are very reasonably priced. Individuals with disabilities and children under 2 get in for free. Visit their site at Morgan’s Wonderland.

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So now that you have some ideas of where to go, let’s go over a few tips on how to travel with a disability:

1.  Plan ahead! Give yourself as much time as possible to research where you are going. Here are some questions you should ask:

·         Is the destination airport accessible? Who can help you find the right accommodations?

·         Does the hotel have a no-step entrance; rooms on the first floor; wide hallways/doorways; grab-bars or roll-in showers? Do they have other accommodations such as interpreters or amplified handsets?

·         Is the local area disability-friendly? How will you be getting to local attractions and sites?

2. Bring a letter from you doctor - Preferably on a letterhead, a doctor’s note explaining your condition and necessary treatments could help you if you become ill or injured. Make sure the doctor’s contact information is on the letter.

3. Be specific - Not everybody will know what your particular disability entails or requires. When makin queries be very clear about what your needs are.

4. Know about emergency services - In the US, 911 is the universal emergency phone number. What about in other countries? Be sure to know what to do if you have an emergency.

Remember, being prepared for the worst allows you to enjoy your time better. Here are some travel sites geared toward helping people with disabilities:

Mobility-Advisor.com 

Society for Accessible Travel and Hospitality 

Enable Mob Travel Resources 

Disability Travel and Recreation Resources 

Happy vacationing!

Subminimum Wage for People With Disabilities Debate

As part of the New Deal of the 1930’s, subminimum wage was allowed for people with disabilities. Employers can apply for waivers under Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Rates for workers with disabilities are decided upon by comparing what their productivity level is to that of an experienced worker without disabilities.

Advocates against subminimum wages believe more money should be spent on training programs that are more creative and provide more challenging work than wrapping plastic ware at restaurants or folding boxes, repetitive task work that is common amongst employed workers with disabilities.

Here are some pros and cons to the consider:

FOR Subminimum Wage - work provides training for better, higher-paying jobs - jobs give individuals structure, keep them busy - working at any job challenges individuals - eliminating subminimum wage would mean employing fewer people within a population that already has a very high unemployment rate - a subminimum wage is better than no job at all

AGAINST Subminimum Wage - people get stuck in their job for years and never advance or leave - low pay is unjust - people with disabilities are not fully integrated into the workforce - allows for abuses against people with disabilities - stigmatizes people with disabilities

Here’s a great article on this topic: http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/Dec/22/tp-subminimum-wages-for-disabled-scrutinized/2/?#article-copy

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WHERE DO YOU STAND ON THIS DEBATE?

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Assistive Technology Assessment is an Important First Step

Because of technology, an 11-year-old girl who can’t physically hold a pencil is on the honor roll. If not for a $200 word processor called a Forte who knows where she would be! Not only does it give her the ability to keep up with her fast-paced 6^th grade class, it’s cool and sleek so it gives her a “coolness factor” among her peers. I would argue these are the top conditions that need to be met when picking out appropriate technology for individuals. (You can read that article here: http://www.azcentral.com/news/arizona/articles/20131216assistive-technology-aids-special-education.html?nclick_check=1 )

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It’s important to remember to assess needs at an individual level before jumping straight to a tool. Too many times, students (and adults) are hooked up with a great piece of equipment that doesn’t provide them with what THEY need. There is a process, and anybody in the disability world is too familiar with how long these processes can be, but in this case it’s super important to follow through with a thorough assessment to ensure getting the best assistive technology possible.

For tips on how to do these assessments, check out The Assistive Technology Playground by my peer Marvin Williams.

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Facing Your Fears - Do Disabilities Scare You Away From Enjoying Family Outings?

When we were kids, my Uncle Victor and Aunt Lina used to take me and my cousins to K.I.S.S. park every summer. At that time, there were about 6 – 8 of us, cousins and siblings, all elementary-school age. K.I.S.S. is an anagram that my uncle made up but back then, I really thought the park’s name was Kiss – only years later did I find out that it wasn’t! The adventure would begin with a mysterious letter we would get in the mail (what kid doesn’t love pulling a letter out of the mailbox with their name on it?) It would be in the form of a puzzle or note of some kind with clues. We would put the puzzle pieces together or figure out the riddles and discover that we were about to embark on another great day at the park. I honestly can’t remember if there were any other adults there besides the hosting couple or how we all even got there! I just have these wonderful memories of hot summer days, dusty games of soccer & freeze tag, canoe rides, horseback rides and fun, fun, fun! The entire time I wrote this section, I did so with a big smile on my face!

Many years later, when I was in my early 20’s, there was a thought to revive this old tradition. Several of us were excited when Uncle Victor suggested we hit the ol’ park again. My daughter was a toddler and I was having a (very) difficult time with adjusting and accepting life as we knew it but I was filled with nostalgia and excitedly looked forward to K.I.S.S. with my family. By this time, I was in a very deep depression over my daughter’s state of health. She couldn’t sit on her own, let alone walk; she was non-verbal so there were no first words or “mommy”; she was having seizures that were progressively getting worse. When I was pregnant, as all moms-to-be do, I had these visions and fantasies of how life was going to be. Her first steps, first words, going to the playground together, shopping for school supplies, sleepovers, giggle-fests…Everything crashed and burned the day she was born. I found myself constantly running through flames, trying not catch fire as I stumbled through the burning building that became our lives. Every milestone missed, every specialist appointment, every “normal” kid who walked by us was another spark, a new fire threatening to engulf me. I can tell you that practically nobody in my life had even an inkling that I was feeling this way. I’ve always had a hard edge to me and I’m sure I came off as angry or bitchy. But I felt tremendously lonely and terrified and sad. These are still feelings that stick with me today, thankfully not to the same degree, and I know that the majority of parents who have children with disabilities know what I’m talking about. I was having a tough span of days filled with these icky feelings when I wrote “A Mom Missing Out On Her Milestones”.

It was difficult for me to enjoy the day at K.I.S.S. park even though I had hoped that it would be a great day. There they all were, those walkers & talkers, flitting about, eating burgers at the picnic table we couldn’t get a wheelchair under no matter how we angled it, playing kickball, just doing what normal people do at a park. Enjoying the sun kissed summer afternoon, their laughter floating in the peaceful breeze as puffy clouds gently slid across a sapphire sky. That’s how my eyes saw their joy. Soft. Velvety. Melodic.

All I could think about was the uneven ground that I had to fight with the wheels of her chair. There were tree roots and branches littered about, hilly sections, small ditches and other barriers that come naturally in a park. We were supposed to walk over to the canoe area – a walk that we always enjoyed in the past – but I kept thinking about the struggle I would have pushing the chair over the grassy areas to keep up with the rest of the group. Not to mention the uncomfortable bumpy ride for my daughter who was sitting in the chair! And what about the canoe ride itself? How were we going to safely transfer her into the canoe when she can’t help at all? She can’t sit without full assistance – how can we get her to actually stay in there? And if we do manage all that and make it back, how will we get her out of it now that we’re IN the water and the canoe is bobbing about?

These of course were only (some of) the PHYSICAL worries that consumed me. I haven’t mentioned the bigger meaning behind the physicality involved in bringing along a person like my daughter to a fun day at a park! Seeing everyone else dashing about care-free made our reality (mine & my daughter’s), our differences, actually palpable. These differences weren’t just a notion. No, they were real; unquestionable; cold and hard. The toll this takes on a person’s psyche is sometimes unbearable. There are some days where I have to work at keeping my joy.

She is now 15 and looking back I wish I had done so many things differently. Isn’t that how it always is; 20-20 vision tends to be perfect. Why did I allow myself to focus on the negative parts of the trip? Thinking back on it, the only memories I have from that day is a sad game of kickball (for me; everyone else was having a great time, as I should’ve been) and the canoe ride. (Which, by the way, wasn’t at all terrible. She was still little so transferring is not the game of logistics it is today. But even today, I have Nick Vujicic to remind me that pretty much anybody can get in and out of water!) Because of my own personal issues, I didn’t allow myself to enjoy what she could do. She was having a beautiful time with her cousins even though she couldn’t run around bases or get a turn throwing the boomerang and wasn’t that the point of the day?

I find myself still paralyzed with fear to this day. I want to do things or go places and decide that I will take her no matter what but then I chicken out at the last minute. I start thinking about the things that can go wrong – maybe there won’t be an accessible area for us to sit/stand; maybe there will be steps we can’t get up; maybe it will be too crowded and she won’t be able to see anything except strangers’ butts; maybe we won’t be able to find parking. The list goes on and on. And yes, those things can happen. On our first family vacation in 2012 we found ourselves blocked out of a building that housed the resort’s pizzeria, arcade and ice cream parlor because it had steps, even to the first floor!

But what if things like that don’t happen?? What if we go and there is a spot waiting for us to park in, the venue has curb cut-outs and ramps leading to it so we can get there and there’s a wheelchair-accessible area so she doesn’t have to miss out on seeing what everyone else is seeing? What about that?

There are some things that we just can’t do, for logistical and emotional (on my part) reasons. We can’t go to certain people’s homes because they're just not accessible. Taking the train into the city for a day of sight-seeing and shopping – not gonna happen. Spending a Sunday at the beach from dusk till dawn with coolers filled with bagels, cold cuts and bottled water – a thing of my past. But why should that stop us from creating wonderful, loving, fun-filled memories doing things that we can do? It shouldn’t –  and it won’t!

Did you have fears or sadness surrounding family outings like me? Do you still? What do you do to try to get past these feelings?

NYC Schools Including "Other" Kids

In 2010, NYC launched a city-wide effort at 260 schools to integrate more students with special needs in mainstream classrooms (aka: INCLUSION). It has been in effect for about a year now.

And it’s looking promising!

According to this article, the Department of Education has shared the following: 

v  Students with special needs in schools that participated in the first phase of the initiative saw their test scores improve more than students with disabilities at similar schools that were not in the program

v  Their attendance rates rose more than the students with disabilities at similar schools

v  Suspension rates fell more than the students with disabilities at similar schools

Corinne Rello-Anselmi, the Department of Education deputy chancellor in charge of special education is quoted as saying that this type of learning requires “a new way of thinking about how to assign students to classroom settings “. No truer words have been spoken.

There is still more to be done and more information is needed to evaluate the endeavor thoroughly but this article was music to my ears!

Reverse Inclusion

DAMMIT I'M PISSED NOW

I read this story about a special ed teacher (who is qualified by certifications & degrees, no doubt) who put together a club at her school, "Creating Exceptional Character" which is a "local chapter of the Council for Exceptional Children, a national organization devoted to special education. The club brought typical students into classrooms after school to work with students with special needs." You can read about it here.  She then created an elective course offered to the general education juniors & seniors that "would follow a goal related to the club, which is to introduce the history and interaction of individuals with disabilities."

The article called it a "reverse inclusion" class. I have severely mixed feelings about it. In fact, the more I think about it, the more it pisses me off! I would like to start off by saying that I am very, very sure this teacher had good intentions in creating this club & elective course. And maybe I'm being overly sensitive but a couple things really get me going.

First of all, the typical kids who take this elective course are referred to as "positive-peer role models". Excuse me, but why are the kids without disabilities the "positive role models"? Don't you think that those kids stand to learn a lot from the kids with disabilities? Why aren’t the kids in wheelchairs considered role models? I would say that my daughter models ultimate levels of patience, kindness and immeasurable love, for starters.

The teacher stated in the article, “I saw really good students not knowing how to interact with special-needs students, and it gave me an idea to design a course that would educate typical students." That's great. I really like the sound of that. Then she goes on to say, “You can’t imagine what it’s like to watch a football player who’s popular and has a girlfriend, to feed a Thanksgiving dinner to a student in a wheelchair.” WHAT?? So a POPULAR kid with a GIRLFRIEND feeding a kid in a wheelchair at dinner....THAT'S the standard of successful inclusion??? WTF!!!

Why do people automatically assume that people with disabilities should be pitied and have people around them saying things like, "awww...look he's so cuuuute!" when he's trying to tell a joke or flag a taxi or just wanting to socialize...you know, things that everybody else on the planet does!

We need to look at people with disabilities with the SAME EYES we look at people without disabilities. If you wouldn't say, "awww" to a man in his 30 who is not disabled, why would you do that to someone who is? That's called INFANTILIZATION. Yes, it's actually a real word and a real occurrence. And it's also really annoying.

When I went to the Down Syndrome conference a few weeks ago, one of the self-advocates there was a young man who is 21 years old and he gave a power-point presentation entitled, "Why We Are More Alike Than Different", comparing people with Down Syndrome to those without. I was sitting at a table with a bunch of college girls and all they kept saying, Every. Single. Time. this man said anything was, "awwwww! he's so cuute!!" and they all looked at each other, with their shoulders raised, eyebrows up, corners of their mouths turned down...you know, that dumb "aw shucks" look girls get sometimes. I wanted to slap them every time. But I didn't want to get fired that day so I held off on that. I mean, he was making sense, putting forth a very reasonable and logical argument: he IS more alike than different! But I have this nagging feeling that they didn't hear what he was saying. They were just thinking how "cute this boy is, standing up there, in his cute shirt and tie...oh and look! He managed to tie BOTH his shoes!" AWWWWWW!!!

So back to the “reverse inclusion” idea…I know some of you out there will wonder, “What’s the big deal?” Well, here it is: why is it, that when a program, social activity, fun gathering, whatever, is organized for people with disabilities, it seems like it’s a great big pity party? I mean, doesn’t my daughter DESERVE to have fun stuff to do – not because she’s disabled but because she’s a great kid! Take the Girl Scouts, for example. Is it an organization that gets girls together to “give those poor girls something to do”. No! They teach them things; the girls get to make friends, have fun; they impact others around them because of their different strengths & abilities. There’s a purpose behind it. Something bigger than getting the crippled kids in a big room and getting the cool kids to smile at them and feed them mashed potatoes.

Anyways....this program, the "reverse inclusion" one, at the end of the day, although it started out with a good intent, is a piss-poor example of how inclusion SHOULD be done.

Damn, we got so much work to do!!! 

Is inclusion a good thing?

INSERTION VS. INCLUSION

           Inclusion is a murky word. Proponents of inclusion want to have classrooms, social activities and workplaces where there are disabled and non-disabled individuals getting together, commiserating, cooperating…It scares the crap out of me. Why? Because too many people believe that insertion = inclusion and frankly my friends, it does not.

Let us ask ourselves: have the disabled been integrated into society since the “purging” of the state hospitals (deinstitutionalization) began in the 1970’s? By definition, inclusion is “the addition of somebody or something to a group or mixture” (Encarta dictionary). However, inclusion can be nothing more than a simple insertion of an individual into a setting where they are not truly accepted but are merely tolerated. A person can be tolerated without being recognized. Think of that kid that sits alone at the lunch table, not being picked on but not being played with, either. Tolerated but not recognized.

They can be admitted without being incorporated. A student with Down syndrome has a right to be integrated into a non-specialized public school but doesn’t his lack of friends or any after-school programs geared towards his socialization needs and interests prove that inclusion does not equal acceptance? In this case, we are not just talking about his acceptance by his peers; the teachers, administrators, coaches, mentors and the school system as a whole is in question.

Now, “federal officials are telling school districts thatthey must offer students with disabilities equal access to school sports.” Schools will be required to make reasonable accommodations to include students with disabilities. If doing so changes the nature of the game drastically then new programs that have “comparable standing as mainstream programs” must be created.

FORCED INSERTION

This worries me some. There are some unintended consequences I can foresee here. Forcing teachers and coaches to make a spot for a kid with a disability in their “normal” routine they’ve been accustomed to can be traumatic for all involved: the teacher/coach, their current students, and the kid being inserted into the team.

Once, when I was working as a hair designer in my previous life, before inclusion went from being a notion to an action that is actively pursued, a client who was a middle school teacher was venting to her colorist how she was being forced to have special needs kids in her classroom. She commented on how difficult it made her life now that she had to develop a lesson plan for a kid “like that” and still have to be able to teach the “normal” kids. The venting went on for a while and I eavesdropped the whole time. This clearly shows that inclusion must be done in a thoughtful, meaningful way. We can’t just tell a school, “You have four kids with physical disabilities and none of them are on sports teams. Stick them in somewhere by next week.” Can you imagine the resentment towards those four kids felt by the coaches and the other students because of a forced insertion? How will that resentment play out? Ignoring them? Dirty looks? Hurtful words? Physical harm? I know that not all teachers, coaches & students will feel this way but is this a risk you’re willing to take with your kid? Not I! And yes, I know, nobody is saying that schools will have a week’s time to make the necessary changes. In fact, there’s no deadline for schools to comply which seems like a built-in loophole to me. But there is ALWAYS resistance when institutions that have not complied with ADA regulations for the entire time they’ve been in existence is told that they must make changes. Just take a look at the whole pool-lift debacle.

Another very real concern I foresee is: how can instructors & teachers who have never had any experience with special needs students be expected to include these students without any formal training?? Not everybody can be a special needs instructor. Just because someone is “good with kids” and gets good results in their classroom or on the field does not automatically ensure that they will know what to do when they’re presented with a whole new set of….problems, shall we say? A kid with autism who self-stims, for example, can be hard to deal with when you’re used to things like Tommy taking Sandy’s pencil. Forcing a teacher to take on special needs kids because of an “inclusion doctrine” with little or no training is detrimental to the students and teacher. I have not read anything, anywhere, which talks about appropriate training for these instructors who now have to figure out ways to truly include new athletes.

And of course we will have those ridiculous comments about how enforcing these regulations will only serve to raise taxes and school districts will become even tighter with their budgets. Oh, and now, regular programs will suffer because they will have to be cut in order to funnel cash to creating new programs for those other kids. Do you know what Title IX is? It made huge positive changes for women in sports. It demanded equal sports programs for women as for men and it led to a large increase of female participation in sports. But of course, there were those idiots who found a way to make it a negative by saying men’s sports had to be cut because of Title IX. AND??? Does that mean that women shouldn’t have the same opportunities because now the men have slightly less? Why should it be any different for people who have disabilities?

MAKING CHANGES

I started off by saying that inclusion scares the crap out of me but I do believe it is necessary and vital to a healthy society, not only for those who are disabled but also for the walkers, talkers & others who are not disabled. Access to school athletics, whether at the elementary, high school or collegiate level is A RIGHT, not a privilege! Too many times people with disabilities are seen as pity-cases. But guess what, people? There are actually people with disabilities who can do things society believes they cannot. Have you heard of Mitch Ryan? Yeah.

 So what is the answer? How can we stamp out stigmas and eradicate discrimination? We can protest and march against the unfair and unequal treatment of those with disabilities. However, to date, research suggests that protests do not promote positive attitudes or increase knowledge about disabilities (Westerholm, et al., 1506).

Education is the main conduit to a better understanding of the life of a person who happens to have a disability. The sharing of correct information will assist in the reduction of stigmas attached to individuals who are physically, mentally and developmentally disabled. In the case of mental illness, for example, after-care information is of particular importance because studies have shown that people who only receive information regarding psychological symptoms increased their negative attitudes about the illness (Westerholm, et al., 1506).

There needs to be an attitudinal shift when considering disability rights. Rather than charity it is imperative there be a focus on civil rights; rather than pity, a belief in a wide range of human possibilities is crucial. A disastrous consequence to the stigmatization of the disabled population is the tendency for the disabled to avoid contact with the able-bodied and, conversely, the able-bodied to ostracize the disabled. I have a firm belief that the best approach to reducing stigmatization and discrimination is to increase meaningful personal contact between folks who have disabilities and those who do not, i.e. full inclusion with appropriate training, not just insertion. For the disabled, this dynamic can help foster a sense of trust towards the non-disabled which may increase their willingness to involve themselves with social interactions they may have previously been resistant to. The development of this dynamic can provide for those who are not disabled important information regarding the positive and negative impacts of mainstream society on those who live with disabilities.

Imagine a world where people with disabilities aren’t fearful of the non-disabled and the non-disabled are not uncomfortable around people who are disabled. That’s the world that I want to live in.

THINK ABOUT THIS

Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American dedicated to the realization of the equal rights promised to all African-Americans in this country. In his famous speech he described the state of being of African-Americans a century after they were to have been emancipated:

“One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.”

What he proclaimed was a concept that should have been obvious without being stated – that every person has the right to be treated equally and fairly.   We can see very strong similarities between the tragedies that the African-Americans and the disabled citizens of this country have been forced to endure. Must we wait one hundred years after the beginning of deinstitutionalization before the civil rights of the disabled are truly recognized?

Citation:

Westerholm, Robert, Laura Radak, Christopher Keys, and David Henry. "Stigma." Encyclopedia

        of Disability. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2006. Print.

Edited for broken link